A +10dBm 2.4GHz Transmitter With Sub-400pW Leakage And 43.7% System Efficiency

A 2.4GHz TX in 65nm CMOS is optimized for extremely low duty-cycle regimes. Negative gate biasing of the main PA transistor in sleep mode achieves a 30x reduction in sleep-mode power without requiring an additional sleep device. The PA achieves a peak output power of +10.9dBm and a total TX efficiency of 43.7%. The TX integrates a PLL and digital baseband for Bluetooth LE operation. Extensive power gating of all blocks results in a total leakage of 370pW for an on/off power ratio of 7.4x10e7.